Glaucoma vision loss results from high intraocular pressure that affects the optic nerve, interrupting the signals to the brain. The inner layer is the retina, which lines the back two-thirds of the eyeball. Ganglion cells – These cells extend to form an optic nerve that conveys information to the brain and take the electrical information from the bipolar cells and process it to determine shapes, contrast and color. In the centre of the iris is a circular hole or opening called the pupil. ![]() ![]() The purpose of the retina is to receive light that the lens has focused. These cells take the electrical information from the photoreceptor cells and pass it along to other retinal cells. The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside. Horizontal cells – These cells are connect to the photoreceptors that surround the bipolar connected photoreceptor cells and help the help integrate and regulate the input from multiple photoreceptor cells, increasing your visual acuity.īipolar cells – The dependence of each layer of the retina on each other is exemplified here. Death of the rods can cause vision loss called retinitis pigmentosa, while AMD is the loss of central vision. The retina is a membrane containing sensory receptors that lines the internal aspect of the posterior wall of the eyeball, deep to the choroid layer and superficial to the vitreous humor. Cones are more concentrated in the macula (the central part of the retina) and proved central and color vision. Rods help you with night and peripheral vision. Photorecptors – This is where the rods and cones are located that convert light into electrical signals. Eye Anatomy Its Function Retina & Optic Nerve Layers of Retina Anatomy & Physiology Simplified. Accumulation of waste can lead to AMD and Stargardt disease. ![]() Retinal pigment epithelium – This is a single layer of cells that provide essential nutrition and waste removal for the photoreceptor cells. Defect in the CHM gene can cause choroideremia, leaky blood vessels can expand in the retina causing wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. As we prepare for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Awareness Month in February, a closer look at the layers of the retina and their function.Ĭhoroid – This is made up of a layer of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina. Each layer of cells in this tissue serves a specific purpose. The retina at the back of the eye is essential for all vision.
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